ࡱ> HJI @ *bjbjʚʚ%6"&  &        _aaaaaa$R&X    B  __?  Nި a"/_07~~?&&~?  r0\   &&  &&  The Social Situation of the Victims of Nazism: A Czech Example Marta Mal Director, Foundation for Holocaust Victims WWII significantly damaged Jewish Community within the territory of today' s Czech Republic, 80.000 out of the total 130.000 of Czech and Moravian Jews were murdered during the Holocaust, about 30 000 saved their lives by leaving the country. After WWII, there were only about 15 000 Jews living in our territory. The establishment of Israel and especially the rise of communism led to the departure of many Jews to abroad (1948 and 1968). After 1989 the Jewish Community only counted 1.500 members. Jewish Communities slowly started to renew their activities in traditional way. One of such activities has become a care for the members in need, especially Holocaust survivors. Today, the total count of registered members of Jewish Communities is 4.000 out of which about 700 are the Shoa survivors. Care for the Holocaust Survivors Prague Jewish Community would offer the Holocaust survivors the widest and the most varied offer of services. Prague Jewish Community has, for many years, become a center of help to the other Jewish Communities in the Czech Republic. Today, the community provides residential care, home care, nursing services, psychological assistance to people with post-traumatic syndrome, it operates day care centers, social work in the field, social advisory services, personal assistance, health services, ergo therapy, psychotherapy, physiotherapy, rehabilitation, medical care, specialist on call and activation programes (e.g. contacts across the generations, physical exercises, cultural events, group work, etc.). In 2004, thanks to the aid from "Erinnerung, Verantwortung und Zukunft Foundation" we managed to establish the centers providing home care within the Jewish communities in Ostrava and Brno. This support to a certain extent triggered the social and health care establishment in other communities, which, even though they would not be running their own home care agencies, began to organize or provide their members with professional services. In 2006, with a support of Foundation for Holocaust Victims, the Federation of Jewish Communities in the Czech Republic implemented the project of mapping of social and health needs of particular Jewish communities. Currently there is a related project of methodical leadership and coordination of Jewish communities in providing of social and health services. Within the scope of the project, the foundation for Holocaust Victims continues to conduct an active search for new clients. Social workers of particular communities hold meetings on regular basis, they have collectively been establishing the rules and conception of provision or organization of the needed care, exchange their experiences, conduct further studies and participate in supervisions. Since 2007, in the Czech Republic, a new Act on Social Services has come into effect, this Act requires all social care and health care service providers to be registered and to conduct their duties in accordance with the social services standards. All Jewish communities successfully registered their services. Service providers make use of volunteers both from the Czech Republic as well as from abroad, especially from Germany. The Holocaust tragedy caused excessive damage, which has continuously been faced not only by the survivors but also by their descendants. Scientific studies and professional care of psychotherapists in Europe and Israel prove that impaired mental and health state of the second and third generation, the descendants of the Holocaust survivors, is caused by the Holocaust experience. In the Czech Republic, there is an institute called Rafael Institute, which organizes therapeutic center and educational activities to prevent and treat psycho-trauma. Prague Jewish Community provides these people, assisted by Dusiach, with psycho-therapeutic interviews and memory and positive thinking exercises. Financial Aid to Survivors Concentration camp prisoners were, in accordance with the Act on Czech Foreign Military Forces Members and on Other Participants of National Resistance and Fight for Liberation from 1946 Coll., recognized to be participants of national resistance, based on which they were entitled to certain advantages. Currently, thanks to this Act, the former prisoners are entitled to use social and health care free of charge. In the 90s of last century, Czech Government paid out the concentration camp prisoners one-time contribution amounting CZK100.000,-(max.). From 1998 to 2008 the Czech-German Fund for the Future distributed humanitarian aid in the means of regular financial installments to former prisoners of Nazi concentration camps, total distributed funds amounted DM90million. In accordance with 2005 Act, Czech Government supports from its budget people, who were recognized as national resistance participants, in the means of additional pensions, which are set according to number of months of imprisonment or resistant activities. Pension have also been provided to Holocaust survivors by Claims Conference (The Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany) within the scope of Available for Eligible Jewish Victims of Nazi Persecution Program. Currently an application of Czech citizens is submitted and being considered by the German Federal Social Court regarding the so called "Ghetto Rente", which represents pension for work in the ghettos. Financial Support of the Care for Holocaust Survivors Claims Conference supports the projects of The Terezin Initiative, the association of former Terezin Ghetto prisoners, namely Health Fund, Emergency Care Fund and Home Care. The Health Fund supports the victims of anti-Jew Nazi persecution with medication, health equipment and preventive care or provides the people with compensation equipment. Emergency Care Fund focuses on particular financial aid to individuals that strive to live in the near minimum living standard level and who have little or no properties. The services provided by the Jewish Communities are funded by the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs and the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic, further by Regional Governments of the Czech Republic, by city municipalities or municipalities of particular areas. The Foundation for Holocaust Victims, that I represent, was established in the year 2000 by the Federation of Jewish Communities of the Czech Republic on the basis of conclusions and recommendations of the Joint Work Committee focusing on the problems of mitigating property injustices to the Holocaust victims. The Committee, under the leadership of the Deputy Prime Minister of that time, Dr. Pavel Rychetsky, operated between 1998 2002, the members were representatives of Czech State and Jewish Community and it devoted its work to the studies of Nazi persecution of Jewish citizens with the main focus on Aryanization of properties within the territory of todays Czech Republic. The Committee proposed an Act on Mitigating Some Property Injustices, the Act was then approved by the Czech Parliament on 20 June 2000 as an Act No. 212/2000 Coll. On 15 September 2000, the Chamber of Deputies decided, based on the proposal of Czech Government, to transfer CZK300.000.000 to the account of the Foundation for Holocaust Victims. The Foundation currently administers 4 programs, where it distributes endowment benefits on yearly basis, the benefits amount CZK15 million (EUR570.000). It supports the educational and remembrance projects on Holocaust, reconstruction of Jewish monuments, education in Judaism and development of Jewish Communities. The priority is a care for Holocaust survivors. The Foundation for Holocaust Victims is the main source of financing of the most of the provided services by Jewish Communities. As I mentioned before, we also support the care for Holocaust victims in other institutions, e.g. the diaconies or in international Home for the Elderly - Sue Ryder. Currently we are intensively trying to acquire other financial means to fulfill our mission. The foundations and NGOs supporting the care for Holocaust victims have been trying hard to acquire financial means and have been fighting the lack of finances. We would be thankful if the governments continued to support the foundations in the future. The care for Holocaust survivors is necessary, it has its own specifications, the transfer of trauma to the new generations requires an ongoing care and support. The work and experience of the NGOs and foundations are irreplaceable. Thank you. Composed thanks to the contribution of Andrea Fictumova, Zlatka Kopecka, dr. Zuzana Peterova and Ing. 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